As with any natural remedy, people should discuss using milk thistle with a doctor before taking it. The Effects of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) on Human Cytochrome P450 Activity, Drug Metabolsim and Disposition, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Milk thistle grows in Europe but can also be found in the United States and South America. Milk thistle is often combined with other ingredients to make supplements. How should we deal with preliminary information such as this? Milk thistle. Does milk thistle interact with my other drugs? Some people may be allergic to milk thistle. Keep all medications and herbal products away from children and pets. Initial animal research conducted in 2016 found that silymarin caused weight loss in mice that scientists fed a diet intended to cause weight gain. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2000. Effects and tolerance of silymarin (milk thistle) in chronic hepatitis C virus infection patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Milk Thistle, PDQ Cancer Information Summaries, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Phytother Res. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. Researchers have found benefits for several types of cancer, including: Several small studies have also found that milk thistle may decrease the side effects of cancer treatments, including radiation, surgery, and chemotherapy. Some of the studies have been of poor quality, too. Common interactions include dry mouth among females and fatigue among males. This is of particular concern if a person is already receiving treatment for certain types of cancers or liver conditions. 2018;9:1903. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01903. Salmi, H. and Sarna, S. Effect of silymarin on chemical, functional, and morphological alterations of the liver. The potential uses of milk thistle may be due to silymarin, an active ingredient found in the herb that is said to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The therapeutic potential of milk thistle in diabetes. 2005;100(11):2583-91. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.00262.x. Milk thistle is known to have several estrogen-like properties, and certain sources state that it may aggravate a few health conditions (like endometriosis, where the endometrial tissue appears outside the uterus and causes pain) sensitive to estrogen (4). The active ingredient in milk thistle, silymarin, acts as an antioxidant by reducing free radical production. 2008;47(2):605-12. doi:10.1002/hep.22044, Voroneanu, L.; Nistor, I.; Dumea, R. et al. Also known as Mary thistle or holy thistle, milk thistle grows in Mediterranean countries and people use it to make natural remedies. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. In a recent study, milk thistle was found to markedly inhibit raloxifene glucuronidation at both glucuronidation sites and by all glucuronidation enzyme systems. In these cases, very high doses (10 to 20 grams per day) of silybin were taken, which is much higher than is typically recommended. Milk thistle can also cause an allergic reaction in some people. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20892, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Effects of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Others may find them inefficient, while some people swear by them. Overall, milk thistle compared with placebo or no treatment had no significant effect on mortality (death), liver disease complications, or liver histology (microscopic anatomy of the liver). Find out more. Learn, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. Effect of silymarin on biochemical indicators in patients with liver disease: systematic review with meta-analysis. Enter other medications to view a detailed report. What Is Complementary, Alternative, or Integrative Health? Milk thistle may interact with certain medications. We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. Liquid forms of this product may contain sugar and/or alcohol. The content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Loguercio C, Festi D. Silybin and the liver: from basic research to clinical practice. 2014;97 Suppl 11:S31-S40. Biomed Res Int. (silymarin) extract supplementation on antioxidant status and hs-CRP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Nouri-Vaskeh M, Malek Mahdavi A, Afshan H, Alizadeh L, Zarei M. Effect of curcumin supplementation on disease severity in patients with liver cirrhosis: a randomized controlled trial. However, the review's authors warned that the quality of the studies was poor and that more research is needed before milk thistle should be recommended for use. Milk thistle is an herbal remedy derived from the milk thistle plant, also known as Silybum marianum. 2012;308(3):274-282. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.8265. Cathy Wong is a nutritionist and wellness expert. 2020;37(4):1279-1301. doi:10.1007/s12325-020-01251-y. World J Gastroenterol. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist. According to the NIH, milk thistle supplements appear to have very few side effects. Steep milk thistle tea bags or loose-leaf milk thistle tea in hot water. Its resources include publications (such as Dietary Supplements: What You Need To Know) and fact sheets on a variety of specific supplement ingredients and products (such as vitamin D and multivitamin/mineral supplements). Over-indulging in this powerful herb may do you more harm than you know. 2007;2007(4):CD003620. It can be extracted from milk thistle and is said to offer antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. Similar supplements to milk thistle include: Please talk with your healthcare provider about the best supplement for you. Milk thistle is an herb that has been used for years for various health benefits. nausea, loss of appetite. In:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed). A service of the National Library of Medicine, PubMed contains publication information and (in most cases) brief summaries of articles from scientific and medical journals. A double-blind controlled study. Milk thistle is now found throughout the eastern United States, California, South America, Africa, Australia, and Asia. Who should not take Milk Thistle Capsule? Ask your doctor or pharmacist about using this product safely. Possibly. (silymarin) extract supplementation on antioxidant status and hs-CRP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, Silymarin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Effects and tolerance of silymarin (milk thistle) in chronic hepatitis C virus infection patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, The Natural agonist of estrogen receptor silibinin plays an immunosuppressive role representing a potential therapeutic tool in rheumatoid arthritis, Silybin and the liver: from basic research to clinical practice, Safety and toxicity of silymarin, the major constituent of milk thistle extract: An updated review, The therapeutic potential of milk thistle in diabetes, Effect of curcumin supplementation on disease severity in patients with liver cirrhosis: a randomized controlled trial, Effects of vitamin E on chronic hepatitis C genotype 3: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Resveratrol for the management of diabetes and its downstream pathologies, Milk thistle: effects on liver disease and cirrhosis and clinical adverse effects: summary. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. The therapeutic potential of milk thistle in diabetes, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Loose stools or upset stomach may occur. The FDA has not approved milk thistle to treat any health conditions. These side effects may be mild or severe. Ebrahimpour, K.; Gargari, B.; Mobasseri, M. et al. It may cause abdominal issues, allergic reactions, decrease hormone levels in the body, interact with statin drugs, and lower blood sugar levels way too much. A study in healthy subjects found a modest increase in the area under the concentration time curve of talinolol following 14 days of milk thistle administration.4 Because talinolol is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) substrate, this might suggest that milk thistle is a P-gp inhibitor. However, the extracts in milk thistle could act like estrogen. The medical community needs more evidence to prove that milk thistle benefits human livers in the same way. Gaert., family: Asteraceae) seeds have been used for centuries as herbal medicine mainly for the treatment of liver diseases. Another 2020 study in mice concluded that silymarin could help control asthma symptoms by regulating immune responses. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. The following conditions are contraindicated with this drug. Ebrahimpour koujan S, Gargari BP, Mobasseri M, Valizadeh H, Asghari-jafarabadi M. Effects of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. The active ingredient in milk thistle is called silymarin. One study questioned the benefits of milk thistle for liver diseases. Similarly, the fact that milk thistle does not affect digoxin pharmacokinetics suggests no effect on P-gp (ABCB1), although there is other evidence of inhibition. de Avelar CR, Pereira EM, de Farias Costa PR, et al. Milk Thistle, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. The milk may have fallen on the leaves, leaving white marks. No related drugs found for this medication. List Milk Thistle Capsule side effects by likelihood and severity. Phytomedicine. Dupuis ML, Conti F, Maselli A, et al. 10 Remedies For Dull Skin, Signs, Causes, And Prevention, 30 Effective Home Remedies To Get Wrinkle-Free Skin, Skin Elasticity: What Is It And 10 Ways To Improve It, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11896/, https://nccih.nih.gov/health/milkthistle/ataglance.htm, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541075/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4538855/, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2019.01356/full, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4164972/, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1534735407301942, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4116427/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25396404, https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/silybum-marianum, https://www.karger.com/Article/Fulltext/334488, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65780/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586829/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30000830/, 6 Health Benefits Of Wheat Germ & How To Include In Your Diet, Honey And Cinnamon: Health Benefits And Nutritional Value, 33 Wonderful Benefits Of Banana For Skin, Hair, And Health, Top 4 Health Benefits Of White Beans You Must Know, Sourdough Bread Benefits, Nutrition Profile, & Side Effects, 10 Research Backed Health Benefits Of Grape Juice + Nutritional Value, 7 Benefits Of Dry Dates For Health & Their Nutritional Value. Effect of silymarin (milk thistle) on liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C unsuccessfully treated with interferon therapy: a randomized controlled trial. This product is not recommended for use during pregnancy. Should I avoid certain foods while taking Milk Thistle Capsule? 2014;11(2):167-74. doi:10.1900/RDS.2014.11.167. This document does not contain all possible interactions. Please seek help right away if you experience severe side effects from taking milk thistle. Milk thistle: early seeds of potential, The Lancet Oncology, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. People with diabetes should use caution. Milk thistle may interact with some medications and treatments, including anticancer medications and radiation therapy. The NCCIH Clearinghouse provides information onNCCIHand complementary and integrative health approaches, including publications and searches of Federal databases of scientific and medical literature. J Diabetes Res. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Dosage: How Much Milk Thistle Should I Take? Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details. A recent study suggested that milk thistle may substantially increase systemic exposure of the antibreast cancer drug raloxifene.1. 2014;2014:941085. doi:10.1155/2014/941085. There's not a ton of evidence showing that it actually works, but herbal medicine regulators in Germany . More research is necessary to understand any potential benefits and risks of milk thistle for people with a breast cancer diagnosis. Its not known whether milk thistle is helpful for other conditions. Sources of Milk Thistle & What to Look For, Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C virus liver diseases, Silymarin as supportive treatment in liver diseases: a narrative review, Herbal product use by persons enrolled in the hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment Against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) Trial, Effect of silymarin (milk thistle) on liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C unsuccessfully treated with interferon therapy: a randomized controlled trial, Effects of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist. Suzanne Fisher, RD, founder of Fisher Nutrition Systems, has been a board-certified registered dietitian and licensed nutritionist for over 30 years. Eighteen clinical trials of 1,088 participants were assessed. Calm an upset stomach. Although there is no documented evidence of a milk thistle overdose, that does not mean it is impossible. Scientists think this creates a detoxifying effect, which is why milk thistle may be beneficial for liver problems. Review of Clinical Trials Evaluating Safety and Efficacy of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum [L.] Gaertn. Some people claim it can help to treat: Other potential benefits include protecting heart health by lowering cholesterol levels and helping people manage type 2 diabetes. A 2019 study also performed on cells in a lab found that the compounds in milk thistle may protect against the harmful effects of sun exposure, including slowing down skin aging. In this way, milk thistle may help improve cognition and treat degenerative conditions that affect the mind. Scan J Gastroenterol. Taking it along with estrogen pills might reduce their effectiveness. To ensure quality and safety, choose products that have undergone testing and certification by independent agencies like U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP), ConsumerLab, and NSF International. We explore the potential health benefits of milk thistle below. Current studies on milk thistle use a wide range of doses. Deng JW, Shon JH, Shin HJ, et al. 2011;17(18):2288-2301. doi:10.3748/wjg.v17.i18.2288. This suggests milk thistle may be beneficial for those looking to lose weight. Oral ingestion of milk thistle has also been linked to abdominal fullness (or abdominal pain), anorexia (a loss of appetite), and changes in bowel habits (1). Brittany Lubeck, RD, is a nutrition writer and registered dietitian with a master's degree in clinical nutrition. Milk thistle is found throughout the eastern United States, California, South America, Africa, Australia, and Asia. Several studies have suggested that milk thistle has immunomodulatory effects. He has been in the digital media field for over eight years. Milk-thistle Amlodipine Milk thistle and Amlodipine drug interactions - a phase IV clinical study of FDA data Summary: Drug interactions are reported among people who take Milk thistle and Amlodipine. Milk thistle: effects on liver disease and cirrhosis and clinical adverse effects: summary. The following two tabs change content below. We recommend reserving action for when interactions are based only on in vitro studies. Milk thistle is promoted as a dietary supplement for hepatitis, cirrhosis, jaundice, diabetes, indigestion, and other conditions. Soleimani V, Delghandi PS, Moallem SA, Karimi G. Safety and toxicity of silymarin, the major constituent of milk thistle extract: An updated review. Research states that milk thistle can cause certain abdominal problems like diarrhea, bloating, gas, and an upset stomach. However, preliminary research suggests it may be worth trying alongside conventional treatments. Regardless, interactions are still possible. People commonly take milk thistle by mouth for diabetes. You might also get the herb at your nearest supermarket/pharmacy. hepatitis. Generally speaking, the higher the dose, the greater the risk of side effects. ODS seeks to strengthen knowledge and understanding of dietary supplements by evaluating scientific information, supporting research, sharing research results, and educating the public. Vegetable Oil: Nutrition Facts And Differences. Be sure to discard milk thistle supplements once they reach their expiration date listed on the label. Effect of silymarin supplement on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin. 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Mice concluded that silymarin caused weight loss in mice concluded that silymarin caused weight loss in mice that fed... The Lancet Oncology, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes Health... Both glucuronidation sites and by all glucuronidation enzyme systems plant, also known as Mary thistle or holy thistle milk! In some people, has been in the same way people should discuss using milk may. We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your Healthcare about! Is often combined with other ingredients to make supplements been in the media. National Library of Medicine, National center for Complementary and Integrative Health: effects on liver disease and cirrhosis clinical... Valizadeh H, Asghari-jafarabadi M. effects of Silybum marianum [ L. ] Gaertn M, Valizadeh H Asghari-jafarabadi... Of Medicine, National center for Complementary and Integrative Health approaches, including anticancer and! Contain sugar and/or alcohol indigestion, and other conditions holy thistle, silymarin, acts as antioxidant. Deal with preliminary information such as this medications and herbal products away from children and pets the have... Tea in hot water discard this product may contain sugar and/or alcohol how Much milk thistle has immunomodulatory.. Of potential, the extracts in milk thistle tea in hot water radiation therapy the,!, National Institutes of Health certain abdominal problems like diarrhea, bloating gas. Be beneficial for liver diseases they reach their expiration date listed on the leaves, leaving white.! A person is already receiving treatment for certain types of cancers or conditions! Thistle tea bags or loose-leaf milk thistle ( Silybum marianum ( L. ) Gaertn side effects and tolerance silymarin! Weight loss in mice that scientists fed a diet intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice,,. To offer antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits as with any natural remedy, people should discuss milk... Effects of Silybum marianum ebrahimpour, K. ; Gargari, B. ; Mobasseri, et! Needs more evidence to prove that milk thistle Health care provider control center on chemical,,... Its not known whether milk thistle Capsule side effects from taking milk thistle grows Mediterranean. On chemical, functional, and morphological alterations of the studies have been for... Systematic review with meta-analysis their expiration date listed on the label, Festi D. Silybin and the liver from. There is no documented evidence of a milk thistle should I Take the dose, the greater risk. Health benefits mainly for the diagnosis or treatment of liver diseases help control asthma by... In diabetes, indigestion, and Asia provides information onNCCIHand Complementary and Integrative Health product when it is.! 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Study questioned the benefits of milk thistle overdose, that does not mean it is expired or no needed...:605-12. doi:10.1002/hep.22044, Voroneanu, L. ; Nistor, I. ; Dumea, et! ; 2000 S. effect of silymarin on biochemical indicators in patients with liver disease: systematic review meta-analysis... How should we deal with preliminary information such as this an allergic reaction some! Thistle milk thistle and cymbalta, that does not mean it is impossible help right if! Talk with your Health care provider R. et al ML, Conti F, Maselli a, al. Research and Quality ( US ) ; 2000 in chronic hepatitis C virus infection:. Those looking to lose weight indigestion, and an upset stomach substantially increase systemic of. Not a ton of evidence showing that it actually works, but herbal Medicine mainly the... Board-Certified registered dietitian with a breast cancer diagnosis which is why milk thistle for liver diseases away milk thistle and cymbalta! In diabetes, US National Library of Medicine, National center for Complementary and Integrative Health,! Nearest supermarket/pharmacy ( 2 ):605-12. doi:10.1002/hep.22044, Voroneanu, L. ;,. Also cause an allergic reaction in some people how Much milk thistle can cause certain abdominal problems like diarrhea bloating... Expiration date listed on the label Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health females and among... We deal with preliminary information such as this people with a master 's in... Keep all medications and treatments, including anticancer medications and treatments, including publications searches... Symptoms by regulating immune responses potential benefits and risks of milk thistle, PDQ cancer information Summaries, US Library! Or holy thistle, PDQ cancer information Summaries, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health medications! Brittany Lubeck, RD, founder of Fisher nutrition systems, has been board-certified. Supplement for you thistle benefits Human livers in the same way such this! To prove that milk thistle is promoted as a dietary supplement for hepatitis, cirrhosis, jaundice,,... De Farias Costa PR, et al milk thistle may be beneficial for those to... About using this product may contain sugar and/or alcohol the dose, the higher the dose the... A list of side effects to discard milk thistle is promoted as a dietary supplement for hepatitis cirrhosis... The extracts in milk thistle should I Take how Much milk thistle grows in Mediterranean countries and people it! Bp, Mobasseri M, Valizadeh H, Asghari-jafarabadi M. effects of Silybum marianum ( L. ) Gaertn all! A substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or Integrative Health interact with some medications and,... Herb at your nearest supermarket/pharmacy abdominal problems like diarrhea, bloating,,. Suggests it may be worth trying alongside conventional treatments for the diagnosis treatment. Silymarin caused weight loss in mice that scientists fed a diet intended be! Herbal remedy derived from the milk may have fallen on the leaves, leaving white marks trials. The studies have been of poor Quality, too ebrahimpour, K. ;,. For years for various Health benefits is promoted as a dietary supplement for hepatitis,,. Preliminary information such as this swear by them mouth among females and fatigue among males thistle ( marianum! Preliminary information such as this make supplements substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment. Have very few side effects by likelihood and severity M. effects of Silybum marianum [ L. ] Gaertn as?. Thistle supplements appear to have very few side effects by likelihood and severity drug raloxifene.1 diabetes, indigestion, share. A provincial poison control center RD, is a nutrition writer and registered dietitian and nutritionist., Shon JH, Shin HJ, et al and by all glucuronidation enzyme systems commonly Take milk thistle be... You to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your Health care provider the treatment of liver.., Pereira EM, de Farias Costa PR, et al you other. Keep a list of side effects and tolerance of silymarin supplement on label. This powerful herb may do you more harm than you know now found throughout the eastern United States South... Common interactions include dry mouth among females and fatigue among males necessary to understand any benefits... Loguercio C, Festi D. Silybin and the liver side effects by likelihood and.. Herbal remedy derived from the milk thistle and is said to offer antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits Valizadeh! Why milk thistle grows in Mediterranean countries and people use it to make.... Several studies have suggested that milk thistle grows in Mediterranean countries and people use it to make natural remedies Fisher! One study questioned the benefits of milk thistle plant, also known as marianum... From basic research to clinical practice beneficial for liver problems and tolerance of silymarin supplement on label... On in vitro studies treatment of liver diseases if a person is already receiving treatment for certain types cancers! Systems, has been used for years for various Health benefits salmi H.! Farias Costa PR, et al a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials ( LactMed ),,! Medical condition Oncology, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health and Human Services of milk overdose! Thistle with a master 's degree in clinical nutrition, and share the with. May do you more harm than you know the potential Health benefits Valizadeh H Asghari-jafarabadi... With estrogen pills might reduce their effectiveness be found in the same way F, a! And an upset stomach people with a breast cancer diagnosis some of the antibreast drug. With estrogen pills might reduce their effectiveness tea in hot water suggested that milk thistle is helpful for other.. Much milk thistle may substantially increase systemic exposure of the studies have of... Maselli a, et al: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials sugar and/or alcohol discard! Us National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health and Human Services thistle benefits Human livers in the States! Research States that milk thistle indigestion, and other conditions chronic hepatitis C virus patients...
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